Factors affecting polar desert soil development in the High Arctic

Authors

  • John C.F. Tedrow Rutgers University, Soils and Crops Department, New Brunswick, USA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26485/BP/1986/31/24

Keywords:

solifluction, primitive form of tundra, Polar lands

Abstract

The High Arctic is considered. to be mantled with Polar desert soil, largely as described by B. N. Gorodkov. These extreme northern lands have been free of glacier ice only within the past 10,000 or so years. The landforms emerging from postglacial rebound, coupled with active solifluction, have commonly resulted in areas of raw-appearirtg soils. Accordingly, Polar desert soil may have only minimal development. Further, some of the Polar lands which emerged above the marine limit during Late Pleistocene time are low, flat and poorly drained, resulting in only a primitive form of tundra or bog soil being present.

References

Aleksandrova, V. D., 1970 - Vegetation and primary productivity in the Soviet subarctic. in: Productivity and conservation in northern circumpolar lands. W. A. Fuller and P. G. Kevan, eds. Int. Union for Conserv. of Nature and Natural Resources (Morges, Switzerland); p. 93-114.

Andrews, J. T., 1973 - Maps of the maximum postglacial marine limit and rebound for the former Laurentide Ice Sheet (The National Atlas of Canada). Arct. Alp. Res., 5: 41-48.

Beschel, R. E., 1970 - The diversity of tundra vegetation. in: Productivity and conservation in northern circumpolar lands. W. A. Fuller and P. G. Kevan, eds. Int. Union for Conserv. of Nature and Natural Resources (Morges, Switzerland); p. 85-92.

Blake, W., Jr., 1974 - Studies of glacial history in Arctic Canada. II. Interglacial peat deposits on Bathurst Island. Can. Jour. Earth Sci., 11; p. 1024-1042.

Clayton, J. S., et al., 1977 - Soils of Canada. Canada Dept. Agric., Ottawa.

Davies, W. E., 1961 - Glacial geology of northern Greenland. Polarforschung, 5; p. 95 - 102.

Egede, H. P., 1741 - Det gamle Grønlands nye perlustration, eller Naturelhistorie (A description of Greenland). English translation published in 1745 by C. Hitch. London. 220 p.

Gerasimov, I. P., et al., 1956 - Soil map of the Soviet Union and adjacent territories. 1 : 4,000,000. Dokučaev Inst. Soils, Soviet Acad. Sci., Moscow, (translation).

Gorodkov, B. N., 1939 - Ob osobennostiakh počvennogo pokrova arktiki (Pecularities of the arctic topsoil). Izv. Gos. Geogr. Obšč., 71; p. 1516-1532.

Grosswald, M. G., 1972 - Glacier variations and crustal movements in northern European Russia in Late Pleistocene and Holocene times. in: Climatic changes in arctic areas during the last ten­thousand years. Y. Vasari, H. Hyvarinen and S. Hicks, eds. Acta Univ. Ouluensis, Ser. A, No. 3. Geol. 1; p. 205 - 223.

Hartz, N. I., 1896 - Østgrønlands vegetations forhold. Medd. om Grønland. Den Østgrønlandski Expedition. C. H. Ryder, ed., Pt. 4; p. 105 - 314.

Högbom, B., 1912 - Wüstenerscheinung auf Spitzbergen. Bull. Geol. Inst. Univ. Upsala, 11; p. 242-251.

Hoppe, G., 1970 - The Würm ice sheets of northern and Arctic Europe. Acta Geogr. Lodziensia, 24; p. 205-215.

Ivanova, E. N., 1956 - Classification of soils of the northern parts of the European U.S.S.R. Počvovedenie, 1; p. 70-88. (U.S. Dept. of Comm. Trans. OTS61-11496).

Korotkovich, V. S., 1967 - Polar deserts. Sov. Antarct. Exped. Infor. Bull., 6(6); p. 459-480.

Kubiena, W. L., 1953 - The soils of Europe. London; 317 p.

Makeev, O. V., 1978 - The soils of the polar climatic regions, their major limitations for food production and the overriding climatic restraints. Trans. 11th Int. Congr. Soil Sci., 2, Edmonton; p. 28-69.

Polunin, N., 1951 - The real arctic: Suggestions for its delineation, subdivision and characterization. Jour. Ecol., 39; p. 303-315.

Porsild, A. E., 1957 - Illustrated flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Nat. Mus. Can. Bull. (Ottawa), 146; p. 209.

Prest, V. K., 1976 - Quaternary geology of Canada. in: Geology and economic minerals of Canada. R. J. W. Douglas, ed. Part B, Dept. Energy, Mines and Resources, Ottawa; p. 675 - 764.

Saks, V. N. and Strelkov, S. A., 1961 - Mesozoic and Cenozoic of the Soviet Arctic. in: Geology of the Arctic. G. O. Raasch, ed. Univ. Toronto Press, 1; p. 48-67.

Soil Survey Staff, 1975 - Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. U.S. Dept. Agric. Handbook 436, Washington, D. C.

Tedrow, J. C. F., 1966 - Polar desert soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 30; p. 381-387.

Tedrow, J. C. F., 1970 - Soil investigations in Inglefield Land, Greenland. Medd. om Groenl., 188 (3); 93 p.

Tedrow, J. C. F., 1973 - Soils of the polar regions of North America. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 23; p. 157-165.

Tedrow, J. C. F., 1977 - Soils of the Polar landscapes, Rutgers Univ. Press, New Brunswick, NJ: 638 p.

Tedrow, J. C. F., 1978 - Development of Polar desert soil. in: Quaternary soils. N. C. Mahaney, ed. Geo. Abstr.; p. 413-425.

Turin, I. V., I 965 - The system of soil classification in the U.S.S.R. Pedologie (Special), 3; p. 7 - 24.

Vidorchik, M. E., 1980 - Arctic Pleistocene history and the development of submarine permafrost. Westview Press, Boulder, CO; 286 p.

Walton, G. F., 1972 - The High Arctic environment and Polar desert soils. Ph. D. thesis, Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, NJ; 479 p.

Walton, G. F. and Tedrow, J. C. F.,1983 - A soil pattern of Central Bathurst Island, Queen Elizabeth Islands. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 30.

Weidick, A., 1972 - Holocene shore-lines and glacial stages in Greenland. An attempt at correlation. Rap. Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse (Copenhagen), 41; 39 p.

Downloads

Published

2025-11-30

Issue

Section

ARTICLES