The palaeoenvironmental changes in the era of Greek colonization of the northern Black Sea coast and the development of Greek settlements of the lower Dniester microregion. Preliminary research

Autor

Słowa kluczowe:

Greek colonisation, northern Black Sea coast, Nikonion, palaeoenvironment features

Abstrakt

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26485/AAL/2022/68/9

Grecka kolonizacja Morza Czarnego zaowocowała powstaniem wielu nowych punktów osadniczych położonych na całej linii brzegowej basenu morskiego. Jednym z aspektów, które należy rozpoznać, zarówno przy badaniu początków greckiej kolonizacji na Morzu Czarnym, jak iw odniesieniu do późniejszego rozwoju poleis pontyjskich, są warunki paleośrodowiskowe. Wydaje się nie podlegać dyskusji, że pewne aspekty środowiska przyrodniczego, takie jak ukształtowanie terenu i cechy wybrzeża, miały wpływ na wybór kierunków kolonizacji, miejsca powstania kolonii oraz rozwoju sieci osadniczej wspierającej nowe poleis (chora). Rozpoznanie cech paleośrodowiskowych ma również znaczenie dla badania współczesnych stanowisk archeologicznych, wpływając na ich charakterystykę kreowaną przez badaczy prowadzących wykopaliska w poszczególnych ośrodkach greckich. Rekonstrukcję paleośrodowiska na obszarze północnego wybrzeża Morza Czarnego objętego kolonizacją grecką wypracowali badacze zakładający wahania poziomu morza, obejmujące cały basen Morza Czarnego, w ramach procesów związanych z Regresją Fanagoryjską i Transgresją Nimfajońską. Procesy te zakładały obniżenie wód morskich w zakresie od 2 do 15 m od współczesnego poziomu morza, a następnie ponowne ich podniesienie (o około 2-3 m). Jednak nowe badania i metodologia zaproponowana w ostatniej dekadzie podważają zasadność tak szerokiego podejścia do zjawisk paleonaturalnych, które rzekomo obejmowałyby całe wybrzeże Morza Czarnego. Wyniki uzyskane dla wybranych obszarów na wschodniej i zachodniej części północnego wybrzeża Morza Czarnego stawiają pod znakiem zapytania teorię Regresji Fanagoryjskiej. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problemu rekonstrukcji cech środowiska przyrodniczego obszaru dolnego Dniestru w okresie formowania się i rozwoju kolonii greckich na tym obszarze w świetle nowych osiągnięć w zakresie rekonstrukcji cech paleośrodowiskowych północnego wybrzeże Morza Czarnego.

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Głuszek, I. (2022). The palaeoenvironmental changes in the era of Greek colonization of the northern Black Sea coast and the development of Greek settlements of the lower Dniester microregion. Preliminary research. Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia, 68, 117–137. Pobrano z https://czasopisma.ltn.lodz.pl/Acta-Archaeologica-Lodziensia/article/view/1952

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