Combat scenes on Naqsh-e Rostam and Arch of Galerius. Some notes on the common features in the Roman and Iranian art of Late Antiquity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26485/AAL/2024/70/5Słowa kluczowe:
Combat scenes, the rock reliefs, Naqsh-e Rostam, Arch of Galerius, Thessaloniki, Roman art, Iranian art, Late Antiquity, Sasanian, Iran, RomeAbstrakt
Sceny bitewne na sklanych reliefach w Naqsh-e Rostam i na Łuku Galeriusza w Tessalonikach wykonane zostały w podobnym okresie i pozwalają na dokonywanie studiów dotyczących pokrewieństwa motywów wykorzystanych na obu. Pomimo, że zarówno irańskie reliefy skalne i przykłady sztuki rzymskiej dzielą znaczącą ilość podobieństw, trudno mówić o związku genetycznym pomiędzy nimi. Analogie nie wydają się wynikać z bezpośredniego wpływu jednej kultury na drugą ale powinny być raczej wyjaśnione poprzez wspólną tradycję źródłową, która zakorzeniona jest w asyryjskich formułach wizualnych, zaadoptowanych w sztuce achemenidzkiej i greckiej a dalej rozpropagowanych przez wpływy hellenistyczne. Co wydaje się istotne, włączenie heroicznych „ikon” w gęste sceny bitewne na Łuku Galeriusza zbliża je do wzorów hellenistycznych i niezależnej tradycji rzymskiej. Tymczasem sztuka irańska reprezentuje silną tendencję ku akcentowania waloru „ikonicznego” raczej niż „narracyjnego”, co możemy zaobserwować już w sztuce achemenidzkiej i co stanowiło cechę charakterystyczną irańskiej tradycji okresu imperialnego.
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