Cryoturbations, seismites and their neotectonic controls. Implications for the Quaternary in Europe
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26485/BP/1999/38/13Keywords:
sedimentary deformations, frost heave, palaeoseismicityAbstract
ORIGINAL TITLE: Cryoturbations, seismicite et controle Neotectonique. Implications pour le Quaternarie Europeen
In the Arctic, cryoturbation proceeds through differential frost heave and is controlled by gradients in sediment frost resistance and drainage quality. Cryoturbations occur in well-drained (hummocks) or poorly drained environments. Co-seismic deformations are confined to basins and controlled by saturated density gradients and dynamic viscosity; in a periglacial context, they occur in active seismic zones under thermokarst conditions. However, it is not always easy to distinguish the initial structure: cryogenic heave may return to the load value if thermal and water conditions are restored, regardless of the presence of permafrost. Similarly, co-seismic deformations can re-deform pre-existing active or inactive periglacial structures through loading and water escape, regardless of the climatic context, provided the site is wet. This reinterpretation is important for palaeoclimatic studies of the early and middle Quaternary.
References
Audemard, F. A., De Santis, F., 1991 - Survey of liquefaction structures induced by recent moderate earthquakes. Bull. Int. Ass. Eg. Geol., 44; p. 5-16.
Bond, G., Heinrich, H., Broecker, H., Labeyrie, L., McManus, J., Andrews, J., Huon, S., Jantschik, R., Clasen, S., Simet, C., Tedesco, K., Klas, M., Bonami, G., Ivy, S., 1993 - Evidence for massive discharges of icebergs into the North Atlantic ocean during the last glacial period. Nature, 365; p. 143-147.
Brodzikowski, K., Van Loon, A. J., 1987 - A systematic classification of glacial and periglacial environments, facies and deposits. Earth Sc. Rev., 24; p. 297-381.
Brodzikowski, K., Haluszczak, A., Krzyszkowski, D., Van Loon, A. J., 1987 - Genesis and diagnostic of large scale gravity - induced penecontemporaneous deformation horizons in Quaternary sediments of the Kleszczów Graben (central Poland). In: Jones M. E. & Preston R. M. (eds) Deformation of sediments and sedimentary rocks. Geologic. Soc. Spec. Publ., 29; p. 287-287.
De Gans, W., 1988 - Pingo scars and their identification. In: Advances in Periglacial Geomorphology, M. J. Clark (editor), John Wiley & S.; p. 299-322.
Dionne, J. C., Laverdiere, C., 1973 - Structure cylindrique verticale dans un dépôt meuble quaternaire, au nord de Montréal, Québec. Can. J. Earth Sci., 9; p. 528-543.
Durrance E/M., Laming D. J. C., 1993 - The geology of Devon. Exeter Univ. Press, 346 pp.
Dżułyński, S., Walton, E. K., 1963 - Experimental production of sole markings. Geological Soc. Edinburgh Trans. 19; p. 279-304.
Eisseman, L., 1981 - Periglaziäre Prozesse und permafroststrukturen aus sechs Kaltzeiten des Quartärs. Altenberger Naturwis. Forsch, l; 171 pp.
Flemming, N. C., 1982 - Multiple regression analysis of earth movements and eustatic sea-level change in the United Kingdom in the past 9000 years. Proc. Geol. Ass., 93; p. 113-125.
Grantz, A., Plafker, G., Kachadorian, R., 1964 - Alaska's good friday earthquake, march 17, 1964. A preliminary geologic evolution. Geol. Surv., Circular 491.
Grellet, B., Combes, Ph., Granier, Th., Philip, H., 1993 - Seismotectonique de la France métropolitaine dans son cadre géologique et géophysique. Mém. N. S. Géol. Fr, 164; p. 1-2.
Hasegawa, H. S., Basham, P. W., 1989 - Spatial correlation between seismicity and postglacial rebound in Eastern Canada. In: S. Gregersen and P. W. Basham (eds) Earthquakes at North-Atlantic Passive Margins: Neotectonics and Postglacial Rebound, Kluwer Acad. Publ.; p. 483-500.
Ishihara, K., 1985 - Stability of natural deposits during eathquakes. Proc. 11th Intern. Conf. Soil Mechan. and Found. Engeen. 1; p. 321-736.
Jenkins, D. G., Vincent, A., 1981 - Periglacial features in the Bovey basin., south Devon. Proc. Usher Soc., 5; p. 201-205.
Johnston, A. C., 1987 - Supression of earthquakes by large continental ice sheets. Nature, 330; p. 467-469.
Kuenen, P. H., 1958 - Experiments in geology. Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow, 23; p. 1-28.
Lägerbäck, R., 1990 - Late Quaternary faulting and paleoseismicity in northern Fennoscandia, with particular reference to the Lansjärv area, northern Sweden. Geologiska För. i Stockholm Förhand., 112; p. 333-354.
Larrocke, C., Gaffet, S., 1995 - Des mouvements en sol majeur. La Recherche, 26; p. 930-931.
Lowe, D. R., 1975 - Water escape structures in coarse grained sediments. Sedimentology, 22; p. 157-204.
Maury, R. C., Varet, J., 1980 - Le volcanisme tertiaire et quaternaire en France, 26E CGI Paris, Géologie de la France. Mem. BRGM, 107; p. 138-159.
Mörner, N. A., 1978 - Faulting, fracturing and seismic activity as a function of glacial-isostasy in Fennoscandia. Geology, 6; p. 41-45.
Mörner, N. A., 1991 - Intense earthquakes and seismotectonics as a function of glacial isostasy. Tectonophysics, 188; p. 407-410.
Murton, J. B., 1996 - Near surface brecchiation of the Chalk, Isle of Thanet, South-East Enland: a comparison with ice rich brecciated bedrocks in Canada and Spitsbergen. Permafrost and Periglacial Proc., 7; p. 253-264
.
Murton, J. B., French, H. M., 1994 - Cryostructures in permafrost, Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, Western Arctic Canada. Can. Jour. Earth Sc., 31; p. 737-747.
Müller, B., Zoback, M. L., Fuchs, K., Mastin, L., Gregersen, S., Pavoni, N., Stephansson, O., C. Ljunggren, 1987 - Regional patterns of tectonic stress in Europe. Jour. Geophys. Res., 97, B8, 11; p. 783-803.
Pareyn, C., 1987 - Sédiments marins néogènes et pléistocènes de Normandie: onze unités stratigraphiques, 400 m démontrés en épisseur cumulée, ca compte... Bilan de 10 ans d'exploration sous les marais du Cotentin. Bull. Centre de Géomorphologie du CNRS, Caen, 32; p. 127-159.
Pissart, A., 1982 - Déformation de cylindres de limon entourés de graviers sous l'action d'alternances gel-dégel. Expériences sur l'origine des cryoturbations. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 29; p. 219-229.
Rivière, A. et Vernhet, S., 1962 - Accidents périglaciaires dans la région de Pénestin, (Morbihan). C. R. Hebdom. des Séances, Acad. Sc. Paris, 255; p. 744-6.
Seed, H. B., Idris I. M., 1971 - Simplified procedure for evaluating soil liquefaction potential., Jour. Soil Mech. and Found. Div. Proc. Amer. Soc. Civil Eng., 97; p. 1249-1273
Serva, L., 1994 - Ground effects in intensity scales. Terra Nova, 6; p. 414-416.
Shackleton, N., Berger, A., Peltier, W. R., 1991 - An alternative astronomical calibration of the lower Pleistocene timescale based on ODP Site 677. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, 81; p. 252-261.
Sims, J. D., 1975 - Determining earthquake induced recurrence intervals from deformational structures in young lacustrine sediments. Tectonophysics, 29; p. 141-152.
Stein, S., Cloethingh, S., Sleep, N., Wortel, R., 1989 - Passive margin earthquakes, stresse and rheology. In: Gregersen S. & Basham P. W. (eds), Earthquakes at North Atlantic Passive Margins,: Neotectonics and Postglacial rebound. Kluwer Acad. Publ.; p. 231-259.
Strunk, H., 1983 - Pleistocene diapiric upturnings of lignites and clayey sediments as periglacial phenomena in central Europe. 4th Intern. Permafrost Conf. Proc., Nat. Acad. Press, Washington, 1; p. 1200-4.
Sylvester, A. G., 1988 - Strike-slip faults. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 100; p. 1666-1703.
Van Loon, A., Brodzikowski, K., Gotowala, R., 1985 - Kink structures in unconsolidated fine-grained sediments. Sedimentary Geology, 41; p. 283-300.
Van Vliet-Lanoë, B., 1985 - Frost effects in soils. In: "Soil and Quaternary Landscape Evolution", J. Boardman (Editor), J. Wiley Publ.; p. 115-156.
Van Vliet-Lanoë, B., 1988a - Le rôle de la glace de ségrégation dans les formations superficielles de l'Europe de I'Quest. Processus et héritages. Thèse de Doctorat d'Etat, Géographie, Univ. Paris I-Sorbonne 1987, Ed. Editec, 1988, Caen; 854 pp.
Van Vliet-Lanoë, B., 1988b - The genesis of cryoturbations and their significance in environmental reconstruction. Jour. Quaternary Sci., (3); p. 85-96.
Van Vliet-Lanoë, B., 1991 - Differential heave, load casting and convection: converging mechanisms. A discussion of the origin of cryoturbations. Permafrost and Perigl. Proc., 2; p. 123-139.
Van Vliet-Lanoë, B., 1996 - Relations entre la contraction thermique des sols en Europe du nord ouest et la dynamique de l'inlandsis nord-européen au Weichsélien. CRAS Paris, série II, 322; p. 461-468.
Van Vliet-Lanoë, B., 1998 - Frost and soils: implications for paleosols, paleoclimates and stratigraphy. Catena, 34; p. 157-183.
Van Vliet-Lanoë, B., 1999 - Differentiation between cryogenic, co-seismic and neotectonic fabrics. Geodynamic and climatic implications. Geodynamica Acta (sous presse).
Van Vliet-Lanoë, B., Hallégouët, B., 1999 - European Permafrost at The LGM and at its Maximal Extent. The Geological Approach., In: «Permafrost» (edit). R. Paepe, E. Vanoverlop, Kluwer (sous presse).
Van Vliet-Lanoë, B., Bonnet, S., Hallégouët, B., Laurent, M., 1997 - Neotectonic and seismic activity in the Armorican and Cornubian massifs: regional stress field with glacio-isostatic influence? Jour. Geodynamics, 24; p. 219-239.
Van Vliet-Lanoë, B., Bourgeois, O., Dauteuil, O., Embry, J. C., Van Cauwenberge, A. S., 2005 - Deglaciation and volcano-seismic activity in Northern Iceland: Holocene and Early Eemian (The Sybra Formation). Geodinamica Acta, 18, 1
Van Vliet-Lanoë, B., Hallégouët, B., Bonnet, S., Laurent, M., 1995 - Evidences d'une activité séismique au pléistocène moyen et supérieur dans le massif armoricain. Implications pour la dynamique du pergélisol européen. Environnements Périglaciaires 2; p. 4-22.
Van Vliet-Lanoë, B., Mansy, J. L., Margerel, J. P., Vidier, J. P., Lamarche, J., Everaerts, M., 1998 - Le Pas de Calais un détroit cénozoïque à ouverture multiple. C.R. Acad. Sc., 326; p. 729-736.
Vandenberghe, J., 1988 - Cryoturbations. In: "Advances in periglacial geomorphology" M. J. Clark (edit), John Wiley & S.Ltd.; p. 179-198.
Vandenberghe, J., 1993 - Recent results of Pleistocene periglacial research in the Netherlands. research. Geol. en Mijnbouw, 72; p. 103-106.
Vandenberghe, J., Vandenbroeck, P., 1982 - Weichselian convolution phenomena and processes in fine sediments. Boreas, 11; p. 299-315.
Ziegler, P. A., 1992 – European cenozoic rift system. Tectonophysics, 208; p. 91-111.
